Numerical model for 3D steel moment frames with H-shaped beams and hollow-section columns under multi-directional seismic ground motions

In Japan, steel moment frames comprising H-shaped beams and square hollow-section columns with through diaphragms are often used for low- to middle-rise building structures. The column overdesign factor—strength ratio between beams—is specified as ≥1.5 in Japanese seismic design code ensure adequate energy absorption capacity against bidirectional ground motion by achieving an entire beam-hinging collapse mechanism. However, the required factor of is obtained from analysis results conducted under unidirectional motions. Additionally, numerical models most previous studies considered behavior only columns, ignored panel zone beam–column connection. Nevertheless, may yield severe earthquakes. addition, influence panels on subjected not completely understood, a model shear forces biaxial bending moments yet be proposed. Thus, this research proposes novel studying multi-directional loadings consider 3D elastoplastic well panels. proposed was validated analyzing cruciform subassemblies beams, panels, were compared experimental studies. Furthermore, time-history response frames, dissipated plastic deformation within each connection discussed aspect strength ratios structural members.